The Constitution of India

The Constitution is the foundation for fundamental rights, government powers, courts, elections and the relationship between the Union and the States.

About this law

The supreme legal framework of India, establishing institutions, powers, rights, duties and federal relations.

Enacted

26 November 1949

Commenced

26 January 1950

Ceased / transition

Still current

Status

Current

Applicability

Applies across India, subject to the text, amendments, constitutional orders and judicial interpretation.

Choose your reading lens

Citizen

Start with plain-language rights, duties, common situations and safe next steps; then open the dated official text.

Lawyer

Use the effective-date version, amendments, commencement material, cross-references and primary authorities.

Law student

Study the structure, key concepts, legislative history, provision crosswalks and leading interpretations.

Researcher

Use source provenance, version history, machine-readable relations and change events for reproducible research.

Versions and source state

Current official source

Valid 26 January 1950 onward

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